Witch hunt Wikipedia. A witch hunt is a search for persons labelled witches or evidence of witchcraft, often involving moral panic1 or mass hysteria. The classical period of witch hunts in Early Modern Europe and Colonial North America took place in the Early Modern period or about 1. Reformation and the Thirty Years War, resulting in an estimated 3. Including illegal and summary executions it is estimated 2. Western world from 1. The last executions of people convicted as witches in Europe took place in the 1. In other regions, like Africa and Asia, contemporary witch hunts have been reported from Sub Saharan Africa and Papua New Guinea and official legislation against witchcraft is still found in Saudi Arabia and Cameroon today. Anthropological causeseditThe wide distribution of the practice of witch hunts in geographically and culturally separated societies Europe, Africa, India, New Guinea since the 1. The belief in magic and divination, and attempts to use magic to influence personal well being to increase life, win love, etc. Belief in witchcraft has been shown to have similarities in societies throughout the world. It presents a framework to explain the occurrence of otherwise random misfortunes such as sickness or death, and the witch sorcerer provides an image of evil. Reports on indigenous practices in the Americas, Asia and Africa collected during the early modern age of exploration have been taken to suggest that not just the belief in witchcraft but also the periodic outbreak of witch hunts are a human cultural universal. One study finds that witchcraft beliefs are associated with antisocial attitudes lower levels of trust, charitable giving and group participation. Another study finds that income shocks caused by extreme rainfall lead to a large increase in the murder of witches in Tanzania. HistoryeditAncient Near EasteditPunishment for malevolent sorcery is addressed in the earliest law codes which were preserved in both ancient Egypt and Babylonia, where it played a conspicuous part. The Code of Hammurabi 1. In order to license music, youll first need to determine what kind of license you need. Are you creating a cover song Using a sample Is it in public domain Create and edit webbased documents, spreadsheets, and presentations. Store documents online and access them from any computer. BC short chronology prescribes thatIf a man has put a spell upon another man and it is not yet justified, he upon whom the spell is laid shall go to the holy river into the holy river shall he plunge. If the holy river overcome him and he is drowned, the man who put the spell upon him shall take possession of his house. If the holy river declares him innocent and he remains unharmed the man who laid the spell shall be put to death. He that plunged into the river shall take possession of the house of him who laid the spell upon him. Classical antiquityeditIn Classical Athens, no laws concerning magic survive. However, cases concerning the harmful effects of pharmaka an ambiguous term that might mean poison, medicine, or magical drug do survive, especially those where the drug caused injury or death. Antiphons speech Against the Stepmother for Poisoning tells of the case of a woman accused of plotting to murder her husband with a pharmakon a slave had previously been executed for the crime, but the son of the victim claimed that the death had been arranged by his stepmother. The most detailed account of a trial for witchcraft in Classical Greece is the story of Theoris of Lemnos, who was executed along with her children some time before 3. BC, supposedly for casting incantations and using harmful drugs. In 4. 51 BC, the Twelve Tables of Roman law had provisions against evil incantations and spells intended to damage cereal crops. In 3. 31 BC, 1. 70 women were executed as witches in the context of an epidemic illness. Livy emphasizes that this was a scale of persecution without precedent in Rome. In 1. 86 BC, the Roman senate issued a decree severely restricting the Bacchanals, ecstatic rites celebrated in honor of Dionysus. Livy records that this persecution was because there was nothing wicked, nothing flagitious, that had not been practiced among them1. Consequent to the ban, in 1. BC, about 2,0. 00 people were executed for witchcraft veneficium, and in 1. BC another 3,0. 00 executions took place,1. There is no way to verify the figures reported by Roman historians, but if they are taken at face value,citation needed the scale of the witch hunts in the Roman Republic in relation to the population of Italy at the time far exceeded anything that took place during the classical witch craze in Early Modern Europe. Persecution of witches continued in the Roman Empire until the late 4th century AD and abated only after the introduction of Christianity as the Roman state religion in the 3. The Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficiis promulgated by Lucius Cornelius Sulla in 8. I/51J0V3TPZJL.jpg' alt='Public Domain Christian Books Pdf' title='Public Domain Christian Books Pdf' />B. C. became an important source of late medieval and early modern European law on witchcraft. This law banned the trading and possession of harmful drugs and poisons, possession of magical books and other occult paraphernalia. Strabo, Gaius Maecenas and Cassius Dio all reiterate the traditional Roman opposition against sorcery and divination, and Tacitus used the term religio superstitio to class these outlawed observances. Emperor Augustus strengthened legislation aimed at curbing these practices, for instance in 3. B. C., by burning over 2,0. Rome, except for certain portions of the hallowed Sibylline Books. In A. D. 3. 54, whilst Tiberius Claudius was emperor, 4. The Hebrew Bible condemns sorcery. Deuteronomy 1. 8 1. No one shall be found among you who makes a son or daughter pass through fire, who practices divination, or is a soothsayer, or an augur, or a sorcerer, or one that casts spells, or who consults ghosts or spirits, or who seeks oracles from the dead. For whoever does these things is abhorrent to the Lord and Exodus 2. Public Domain Christian Books Pdf' title='Public Domain Christian Books Pdf' />Samuel 2. Saul hath cut off those that have familiar spirits, and the wizards, out of the land2. How To Hack A Minecraft Server Console. In the Judaean Second Temple period, Rabbi Simeon ben Shetach in the 1st century BC is reported to have sentenced to death eighty women who had been charged with witchcraft on a single day in Ashkelon. Later the womens relatives took revenge by bringing reportedly false witnesses against Simeons son and causing him to be executed in turn. Discover thousands of eBooks, including new releases and the best collection of free public domain books, that you can read on any mobile device. This page is only for complete editions and multiple selections from Das wohltemperierte Klavier I. For most arrangements, see the separate pages. A witchhunt is a search for persons labelled witches or evidence of witchcraft, often involving moral panic or mass hysteria. The classical period of witchhunts. Introduction to the New Testament by Louis Berkhof. This document has been generated from XSL Extensible Stylesheet Language source with RenderX XEP Formatter. Late antiquityeditThe 6th century AD Getica of Jordanes records a persecution and expulsion of witches among the Goths in a mythical account of the origin of the Huns. The ancient fabled King Filimer is said to havefound among his people certain witches, whom he called in his native tongue Haliurunnae. Suspecting these women, he expelled them from the midst of his race and compelled them to wander in solitary exile afar from his army. There the unclean spirits, who beheld them as they wandered through the wilderness, bestowed their embraces upon them and begat this savage race, which dwelt at first in the swamps, a stunted, foul and puny tribe, scarcely human, and having no language save one which bore but slight resemblance to human speech. Middle AgeseditChristianisation in the Early Middle AgeseditThe Councils of Elvira 3. Public Domain Christian Books Pdf' title='Public Domain Christian Books Pdf' />Ancyra 3. Trullo 6. This mild approach represented the view of the Church for many centuries. The general desire of the Catholic Churchs clergy to check fanaticism about witchcraft and necromancy is shown in the decrees of the Council of Paderborn, which, in 7. The Lombard code of 6.